{"slug":"mistral-1t","date":"2026-10-07","channel":"ai","layout":"number","title":"Ten open-weight models passed 1T parameters. All ten came from China","dek":"Epoch AI lists no open-weight model above 1T from outside China since 2025; Mistral Large 4 would break that streak once its weights ship.","body":["Mistral announced Large 4 on 6 October, a model with 1 trillion total parameters, according to TechCrunch and The Decoder. The Decoder reports 49 billion are active per token. It is live as a preview, with open weights promised for later this month.","Epoch AI's notable-models table shows how rare that size is in the open. Since July 2025 it records ten open-weight releases at 1T or more (Kimi, Qwen, DeepSeek, Ant's Ling, Xiaomi MiMo, Meituan LongCat), and every one is from a Chinese lab. Mistral's largest earlier entry is Pixtral Large at 124 billion, so Large 4 is about 8 times bigger.","The test is delivery. Until the weights are downloadable, Large 4 sits in the \"announced\" column. Watch for the licence terms and for whether the 49B active-parameter count holds, since that, not the 1T headline, sets running cost."],"facts":[{"label":"Mistral Large 4 (total params)","value":"1 trillion"},{"label":"Open-weight 1T+ models, all Chinese","value":"10"},{"label":"Largest earlier Mistral in Epoch (Pixtral Large)","value":"124 billion"},{"label":"Size jump vs that model","value":"about 8x"}],"chart":{"type":"scatter","title":"Models of 100B+ parameters by release date","unit":"billion parameters","points":[{"x":"2026-09-18","y":600,"label":"Step 5 Preview","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2026-09-09","y":748,"label":"DeepSeek V4.1 Flash","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-08-28","y":770,"label":"Tencent Hy4 preview","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-08-20","y":320,"label":"GLM-5.3-Flash","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-08-14","y":744,"label":"GLM-5.3","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2026-08-08","y":2400,"label":"Qwen3.8-2.4T-A95B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-08-07","y":314,"label":"Motif-3","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-07-31","y":750,"label":"K-EXAONE 2.0","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-07-29","y":688,"label":"A.X K2","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-07-19","y":2400,"label":"Qwen 3.8 Max","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2026-07-16","y":2800,"label":"Kimi K3","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-07-15","y":975,"label":"Inkling","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-07-06","y":295,"label":"Tencent Hy3","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-06-29","y":1600,"label":"LongCat-2.0","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-06-28","y":250.3,"label":"Solar Open2 250B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-06-04","y":550,"label":"Nemotron 3 Ultra","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-06-01","y":428,"label":"MiniMax-M3","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-05-18","y":1040,"label":"Composer 2.5","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2026-05-11","y":276,"label":"TML-Interaction-Small","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2026-04-24","y":1600,"label":"DeepSeek-V4-Pro","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-04-24","y":284,"label":"DeepSeek-V4-Flash","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-04-23","y":295,"label":"Tencent Hy3 preview","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-04-23","y":1020,"label":"MiMo-V2.5-Pro","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-04-20","y":1040,"label":"Kimi K2.6","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-04-07","y":754,"label":"GLM-5.1","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-03-19","y":1040,"label":"Composer 2","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2026-03-18","y":1020,"label":"MiMo-V2-Pro","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2026-03-11","y":120,"label":"Nemotron 3 Super","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-02-24","y":122,"label":"Qwen3.5-122B-A10B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-02-17","y":500,"label":"Grok 4.20","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2026-02-15","y":397,"label":"Qwen3.5 397B-A17B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-02-12","y":744,"label":"GLM-5","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2026-02-02","y":1040,"label":"Kimi K2.5","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-12-31","y":102,"label":"Solar Open 100B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-12-31","y":236,"label":"K-EXAONE","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-12-30","y":100,"label":"VAETKI","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-12-30","y":519,"label":"A.X K1","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-12-23","y":229,"label":"MiniMax-M2.1","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-12-22","y":358,"label":"GLM-4.7","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-11-27","y":685,"label":"DeepSeekMath-V2","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-11-17","y":235,"label":"P1-235B-A22B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-11-07","y":110,"label":"Kaiju Large","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2025-11-06","y":1000,"label":"Kimi K2 Thinking","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-10-27","y":229,"label":"MiniMax-M2","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-10-10","y":1000,"label":"Ling-1T","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-09-30","y":357,"label":"GLM-4.6","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-09-05","y":1000,"label":"Qwen3-Max","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2025-09-01","y":560,"label":"LongCat-Flash","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-08-05","y":116.8,"label":"gpt-oss-120b","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-07-28","y":355,"label":"GLM-4.5","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-07-25","y":235,"label":"Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking (Jul 2025)","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-07-25","y":235,"label":"Qwen3-235B-A22B (Jul 2025)","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-07-22","y":480,"label":"Qwen3-Coder-480B-A35B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-07-11","y":1000,"label":"Kimi K2","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-07-09","y":3000,"label":"Grok 4","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2025-06-11","y":230,"label":"Seed-1.6-Thinking","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2025-05-28","y":671,"label":"DeepSeek-R1 (May 2025)","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-04-29","y":235,"label":"Qwen3-235B-A22B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-04-10","y":135,"label":"Pangu Ultra","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2025-04-05","y":109,"label":"Llama 4 Scout","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-04-05","y":400,"label":"Llama 4 Maverick","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-04-05","y":2000,"label":"Llama 4 Behemoth (preview)","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2025-03-24","y":671,"label":"DeepSeek-V3 (Mar 2025)","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-03-16","y":424,"label":"ERNIE-4.5-VL-424B-A47B (文心大模型4.5)","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2025-03-11","y":560,"label":"Hunyuan-TurboS","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2025-02-17","y":3000,"label":"Grok 3","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2025-01-20","y":671,"label":"DeepSeek-R1","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2024-12-24","y":671,"label":"DeepSeek-V3","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2024-11-18","y":124,"label":"Pixtral Large","group":"Open weights","hi":true},{"x":"2024-11-06","y":389,"label":"Hunyuan-Large","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2024-10-28","y":500,"label":"Doubao-pro","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2024-10-09","y":150,"label":"Palmyra X 004","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2024-09-20","y":115,"label":"Telechat2-115B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2024-09-06","y":236,"label":"DeepSeek-V2.5","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2024-08-22","y":398,"label":"Jamba 1.5-Large","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2024-07-24","y":123,"label":"Mistral Large 2","group":"Open weights","hi":true},{"x":"2024-07-23","y":405,"label":"Llama 3.1-405B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2024-07-16","y":7,"label":"Mathstral","group":"Open weights","hi":true},{"x":"2024-07-06","y":600,"label":"SenseChat 5.5","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2024-06-17","y":236,"label":"DeepSeek-Coder-V2 236B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2024-06-14","y":340,"label":"Nemotron-4 340B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2024-05-13","y":100,"label":"Yi-Large","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2024-03-27","y":132,"label":"DBRX","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2024-03-04","y":250,"label":"Aramco Metabrain AI","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2024-02-23","y":530,"label":"MegaScale (Production)","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2023-12-11","y":46.7,"label":"Mixtral 8x7B","group":"Open weights","hi":true},{"x":"2023-11-04","y":314,"label":"Grok-1","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2023-11-03","y":176,"label":"BLUUMI","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2023-09-28","y":200,"label":"Amazon Titan","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2023-09-06","y":180,"label":"Falcon-180B","group":"Open weights"},{"x":"2023-07-06","y":100,"label":"xTrimoPGLM -100B","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2023-07-06","y":104,"label":"InternLM","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2023-06-13","y":1800,"label":"GPT-4 (Jun 2023)","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2023-05-16","y":340,"label":"Med-PaLM 2","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2023-05-10","y":340,"label":"PaLM 2","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2023-03-20","y":1085,"label":"PanGu-Σ","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2023-03-15","y":1800,"label":"GPT-4 (Mar 2023)","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2023-03-06","y":562,"label":"PaLM-E","group":"No open weights"},{"x":"2026-10-06","y":1000,"label":"Mistral Large 4 (announced; weights pending)","group":"Announced, weights pending","hi":true}],"xLabel":"Release date","yLabel":"Parameters (billions, log scale)","xLog":false,"yLog":true,"xType":"date","labelTop":8},"sources":[{"name":"Epoch AI, Notable AI Models","url":"https://epoch.ai/data/notable_ai_models.csv","licence":"CC BY 4.0","captured":"2026-10-07","class":"primary"},{"name":"TechCrunch, Mistral Large 4 report","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/10/06/mistrals-new-1t-model-aims-to-leapfrog-closed-and-open-rivals/","licence":"news report (facts only)","captured":"2026-10-07","class":"published-report"},{"name":"The Decoder, Mistral Large 4 report","url":"https://the-decoder.com/mistral-large-4-is-said-to-be-the-most-powerful-open-ai-model-from-europe-and-the-u-s/","licence":"news report (facts only)","captured":"2026-10-07","class":"published-report"}],"news":[{"title":"Mistral’s new 1T model aims to leapfrog closed and open rivals","source":"TechCrunch","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/10/06/mistrals-new-1t-model-aims-to-leapfrog-closed-and-open-rivals/","published":"2026-10-06"},{"title":"Mistral Large 4 is Europe's trillion-parameter answer to US models that refuse security work","source":"The Decoder","url":"https://the-decoder.com/mistral-large-4-is-said-to-be-the-most-powerful-open-ai-model-from-europe-and-the-u-s/","published":"2026-10-06"}],"caveats":["Mistral Large 4 is not in Epoch's data (latest entry 2026-09-30). Its point (1,000 billion, 2026-10-06) comes from TechCrunch and The Decoder and is flagged as \"announced, weights pending\".","Epoch records total parameters. For mixture-of-experts models only a fraction is active per token, so size is not a quality or cost ranking.","Epoch's \"open weights\" flag follows its own accessibility field and includes restricted and non-commercial licences. The chart shows 67 open-weight and 31 other models of 100B+ (plus Mixtral 8x7B), from 2023.","Most closed frontier models do not disclose size, so the \"no open weights\" points are only those with a disclosed or estimated count; some Epoch values are rated speculative (for example Grok 4 at 3T).","The closest US open-weight model is Thinking Machines' Inkling at 975 billion (July 2026), just under the 1T line. Epoch also lists Google's 2021 Switch Transformer (1.57T, open weights); it is a research model, outside the 2025-26 LLM wave counted in the title."],"photo":null,"og":"/media/briefs/mistral-1t-og.png","ogBytes":22458,"indexable":true,"gateNotes":[],"url":"https://tecntrend.com/briefs/2026-10-07/mistral-1t","licence":"Text and chart CC BY 4.0 Tec N Trend; underlying data per source licence"}